{"schemaVersion":1,"checkedAt":"2026-10-01","scope":"16 existing natural objects,4 additional icy worlds,2 Voyager spacecraft,46JPL satellite mean radii,and4 additional dwarf-moon constraints.","renderConvention":{"lengthUnit":"km","radiusConvention":"Record per-body nominal,adopted mean,volume-equivalent,or effective estimate; do not relabel all values as exact volume radii.","commonScale":"All component lengths and body radii multiply by the same body-enlargement factor and km-to-scene-unit factor.","unknownRadius":"Keep unknown radius null. Position markers and selection halos are screen indicators,not physical surfaces.","shape":"Sphere and ellipsoid geometry are approximations. Any procedural irregular geometry must be normalized to chosen source volume when volume is available. Full extents and mean radius are different measurements.","sunJupiterMeanDiameterRatio":9.951223698702636},"naturalBodies":[{"id":"sun","name":"Sun","radiusKm":695700,"radiusSigmaKm":null,"previousRadiusKm":695700,"radiusType":"iau-2015-nominal-solar-radius","sourceUrl":"https://www.iau.org/common/Uploaded%20files/IAUGA2015-Resolution-B3-recommended-nominal-conversion.pdf","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","notes":"Exact nominal SI conversion constant, chosen near the photospheric radius. It is not a physically exact solar measurement."},{"id":"mercury","name":"Mercury","radiusKm":2439.4,"radiusSigmaKm":0.1,"previousRadiusKm":2439.7,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"venus","name":"Venus","radiusKm":6051.8,"radiusSigmaKm":1,"previousRadiusKm":6051.8,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"earth","name":"Earth","radiusKm":6371.0084,"radiusSigmaKm":0.0001,"previousRadiusKm":6371,"radiusType":"adopted-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","notes":"JPL tabulates 6371.0084 under mean radius. This is the adopted arithmetic mean radius, not an exact equal-volume radius. Radius conventions and ellipsoid choices differ."},{"id":"mars","name":"Mars","radiusKm":3389.5,"radiusSigmaKm":0.2,"previousRadiusKm":3389.5,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter","name":"Jupiter","radiusKm":69911,"radiusSigmaKm":6,"previousRadiusKm":69911,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn","name":"Saturn","radiusKm":58232,"radiusSigmaKm":6,"previousRadiusKm":58232,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus","name":"Uranus","radiusKm":25362,"radiusSigmaKm":7,"previousRadiusKm":25362,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune","name":"Neptune","radiusKm":24622,"radiusSigmaKm":19,"previousRadiusKm":24622,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto","name":"Pluto","radiusKm":1188.3,"radiusSigmaKm":1.6,"previousRadiusKm":1188.3,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"ceres","name":"Ceres","radiusKm":469.7,"radiusSigmaKm":null,"previousRadiusKm":469.7,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","notes":"JPL lists no radius sigma in this table; missing uncertainty does not mean zero."},{"id":"moon","name":"Moon","radiusKm":1737.4,"radiusSigmaKm":0.1,"previousRadiusKm":1737.4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"vesta","name":"Vesta","radiusKm":261.6,"radiusSigmaKm":0.1,"previousRadiusKm":262.7,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-radius","sourceUrl":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/264380/1/aa41781-21.pdf","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Vernazza et al. 2021, A&A654A56 Table1: volume-equivalent diameter523.2±0.2km, spacecraft-based value.","dimensionsKm":[572.6,557.2,446.4],"dimensionsType":"2012-Dawn-best-fit-ellipsoid-full-axes","dimensionsSourceUrl":"https://repository.si.edu/bitstreams/5c5c6752-b7f1-46bd-8c43-625e9fc8e974/download","alternatives":[{"radiusKm":262.7,"radiusSigmaKm":0.1,"radiusType":"2012-Dawn-tabulated-mean","notes":"Equals arithmetic mean of published semiaxes286.3,278.6,223.2km; do not derive an exact volume from it."},{"volumeKm3":74970000,"radiusKm":261.57704773715477,"radiusType":"calculated-from-2012-Dawn-shape-volume"}]},{"id":"eros","name":"Eros","radiusKm":8.42,"radiusSigmaKm":null,"previousRadiusKm":8.4,"radiusType":"effective-diameter-half","sourceUrl":"https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/433_Eros_2012/Eros_planning.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","dimensionsKm":[34.4,11.2,11.3],"dimensionsType":"NEAR-mission-full-extents","notes":"JPL lists diameter16.84km and the NEAR dimensions. An ellipsoid fitted to extents does not reproduce the actual irregular body's volume; retain a source-specific approximate shape."},{"id":"halley","name":"1P/Halley","radiusKm":4.57,"calculatedRadiusKm":4.570781497340833,"radiusSigmaKm":null,"previousRadiusKm":5.5,"radiusType":"approximate-volume-equivalent-radius","volumeKm3":400,"dimensionsKm":[15.3,7.2,7.2],"dimensionsType":"approximate-Giotto-HMC-full-extents","sourceUrl":"https://www2.mps.mpg.de/en/projekte/giotto/hmc/","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","notes":"HMC team reports approximate volume400km³. Radius is derived from that approximate volume; extra computation digits are not measurement precision. Old effective radius5.5km belongs to an older model. An ellipsoid of these extents has a different volume."},{"id":"67p","name":"67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko","radiusKm":1.642466249669284,"radiusSigmaKm":0.0005899663253122429,"uncertaintyLevel":"3-sigma-propagated-from-volume","previousRadiusKm":2,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-radius","volumeKm3":18.56,"volumeSigmaKm3":0.02,"sourceUrl":"https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2017/11/aa31798-17.pdf","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Preusker et al.2017 Rosetta OSIRIS SHAP7 pre-perihelion shape.","dimensionsKm":[4.34,2.6,2.12],"dimensionsSigmaKm":[0.02,0.02,0.06],"dimensionsType":"2016-SPC-global-full-extents","dimensionsSourceUrl":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103516301385","alternatives":[{"volumeKm3":18.62,"volumeSigmaKm3":0.02,"radiusKm":1.644234244844453,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103523001434","reference":"Chen et al.2023 refined shape model"}],"notes":"Use a bilobate approximation or source shape normalized to selected volume. A2km bounding radius is not the equal-volume radius."},{"id":"eris","name":"Eris","radiusKm":1163,"radiusSigmaKm":6,"radiusType":"occultation-near-spherical-radius","sourceUrl":"https://lesia.obspm.fr/IMG/pdf/nature10550.pdf","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Sicardy et al.2011 Nature478493.","notes":"±6km is formal1σ circular-limb-fit uncertainty. Allowing random limb topography increases it to approximately±9km. JPL table's1200±50km uses older2007 data."},{"id":"haumea","name":"Haumea","radiusKm":772,"radiusErrorPlusKm":20,"radiusErrorMinusKm":19,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-triaxial-model-radius","semiaxesKm":[1061,844,514],"semiaxesErrorPlusKm":[87,5,18],"semiaxesErrorMinusKm":[71,7,19],"sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.28636","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Proudfoot et al.2026 accepted PSJ, Table1 and Section4.","notes":"Reanalysis of2017 occultation with uncertain rotational phase and photometry; axes are semiaxes. Marginal medians need not multiply to the marginal volume median.","alternatives":[{"radiusKm":797.5,"radiusSigmaKm":5.5,"semiaxesKm":[1161,852,513],"semiaxesSigmaKm":[30,4,16],"sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.03113","reference":"Ortiz et al.2017 Nature550219; diameter1595±11km, assuming ring contributes no brightness."},{"radiusKm":715,"radiusType":"older-2014-model","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html"}]},{"id":"makemake","name":"Makemake","radiusKm":714,"radiusSigmaKm":7,"radiusType":"adopted-jpl-mean-model-radius","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"JPL adopts Brown2013.","equatorialDiameterKm":1434,"equatorialDiameterSigmaKm":14,"projectedPolarDiameterKm":1422,"projectedPolarDiameterSigmaKm":14,"shapeSourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.1041","notes":"Occultation projected diameter is model-dependent. Projected polar diameter is not the true polar diameter. Adopt JPL's tabulated mean for a sphere approximation without claiming a physically exact volume or measured triaxial shape."},{"id":"sedna","name":"Sedna","radiusKm":497.5,"radiusSigmaKm":40,"radiusType":"thermal-model-effective-radius-estimate","sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0899","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Pal et al.2012 Herschel thermal modeling: diameter995±80km.","notes":"Thermophysical model estimate; shape unresolved. Do not claim an exact volume or dimensions."}],"satelliteRadii":[{"id":"earth-moon","parent":"earth","name":"Moon","radiusKm":1737.4,"radiusSigmaKm":0.1,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"mars-phobos","parent":"mars","name":"Phobos","radiusKm":11.08,"radiusSigmaKm":0.04,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"mars-deimos","parent":"mars","name":"Deimos","radiusKm":6.2,"radiusSigmaKm":0.24,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-io","parent":"jupiter","name":"Io","radiusKm":1821.49,"radiusSigmaKm":0.5,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-europa","parent":"jupiter","name":"Europa","radiusKm":1560.8,"radiusSigmaKm":0.3,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-ganymede","parent":"jupiter","name":"Ganymede","radiusKm":2631.2,"radiusSigmaKm":1.7,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-callisto","parent":"jupiter","name":"Callisto","radiusKm":2410.3,"radiusSigmaKm":1.5,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-amalthea","parent":"jupiter","name":"Amalthea","radiusKm":83.5,"radiusSigmaKm":3,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-himalia","parent":"jupiter","name":"Himalia","radiusKm":85,"radiusSigmaKm":10,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-thebe","parent":"jupiter","name":"Thebe","radiusKm":49.3,"radiusSigmaKm":4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-adrastea","parent":"jupiter","name":"Adrastea","radiusKm":8.2,"radiusSigmaKm":4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"jupiter-metis","parent":"jupiter","name":"Metis","radiusKm":21.5,"radiusSigmaKm":4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-mimas","parent":"saturn","name":"Mimas","radiusKm":198.2,"radiusSigmaKm":0.4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-enceladus","parent":"saturn","name":"Enceladus","radiusKm":252.1,"radiusSigmaKm":0.2,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-tethys","parent":"saturn","name":"Tethys","radiusKm":531.1,"radiusSigmaKm":0.6,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-dione","parent":"saturn","name":"Dione","radiusKm":561.4,"radiusSigmaKm":0.4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-rhea","parent":"saturn","name":"Rhea","radiusKm":763.5,"radiusSigmaKm":0.6,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-titan","parent":"saturn","name":"Titan","radiusKm":2574.76,"radiusSigmaKm":0.02,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-hyperion","parent":"saturn","name":"Hyperion","radiusKm":135,"radiusSigmaKm":4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-iapetus","parent":"saturn","name":"Iapetus","radiusKm":734.3,"radiusSigmaKm":2.8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-phoebe","parent":"saturn","name":"Phoebe","radiusKm":106.5,"radiusSigmaKm":0.7,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-janus","parent":"saturn","name":"Janus","radiusKm":89.2,"radiusSigmaKm":0.8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-epimetheus","parent":"saturn","name":"Epimetheus","radiusKm":58.2,"radiusSigmaKm":1.2,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-helene","parent":"saturn","name":"Helene","radiusKm":18,"radiusSigmaKm":0.4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-atlas","parent":"saturn","name":"Atlas","radiusKm":15.1,"radiusSigmaKm":0.8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-prometheus","parent":"saturn","name":"Prometheus","radiusKm":43.1,"radiusSigmaKm":1.2,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-pandora","parent":"saturn","name":"Pandora","radiusKm":40.6,"radiusSigmaKm":1.5,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"saturn-pan","parent":"saturn","name":"Pan","radiusKm":14,"radiusSigmaKm":1.2,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus-ariel","parent":"uranus","name":"Ariel","radiusKm":578.9,"radiusSigmaKm":0.6,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus-umbriel","parent":"uranus","name":"Umbriel","radiusKm":584.7,"radiusSigmaKm":2.8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus-titania","parent":"uranus","name":"Titania","radiusKm":788.9,"radiusSigmaKm":1.8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus-oberon","parent":"uranus","name":"Oberon","radiusKm":761.4,"radiusSigmaKm":2.6,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"uranus-miranda","parent":"uranus","name":"Miranda","radiusKm":235.8,"radiusSigmaKm":0.7,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-triton","parent":"neptune","name":"Triton","radiusKm":1352.6,"radiusSigmaKm":2.4,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-nereid","parent":"neptune","name":"Nereid","radiusKm":170,"radiusSigmaKm":25,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-naiad","parent":"neptune","name":"Naiad","radiusKm":29,"radiusSigmaKm":6,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-thalassa","parent":"neptune","name":"Thalassa","radiusKm":40,"radiusSigmaKm":8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-despina","parent":"neptune","name":"Despina","radiusKm":74,"radiusSigmaKm":10,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-galatea","parent":"neptune","name":"Galatea","radiusKm":79,"radiusSigmaKm":12,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-larissa","parent":"neptune","name":"Larissa","radiusKm":96,"radiusSigmaKm":7,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"neptune-proteus","parent":"neptune","name":"Proteus","radiusKm":208,"radiusSigmaKm":8,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto-charon","parent":"pluto","name":"Charon","radiusKm":606,"radiusSigmaKm":0.5,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"2","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto-nix","parent":"pluto","name":"Nix","radiusKm":18,"radiusSigmaKm":1,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"3","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto-hydra","parent":"pluto","name":"Hydra","radiusKm":18.5,"radiusSigmaKm":1,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"3","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto-kerberos","parent":"pluto","name":"Kerberos","radiusKm":6,"radiusSigmaKm":1,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"3","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"},{"id":"pluto-styx","parent":"pluto","name":"Styx","radiusKm":5.2,"radiusSigmaKm":1,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-mean","sourceUrl":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/phys_par/","reference":"3","sourceDate":"2026-10-01"}],"extraDwarfMoonPhysical":[{"id":"haumea-hi-iaka","name":"Hi'iaka","parent":"haumea","radiusKm":185,"radiusSigmaKm":10,"radiusType":"volume-equivalent-triaxial-model-radius","semiaxesKm":[240,180,143],"semiaxesSigmaKm":[40,30,7],"sourceUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-65749-1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Fernandez-Valenzuela et al.2025 NatureCommunications, volume-equivalent diameter370±20km."},{"id":"eris-dysnomia","name":"Dysnomia","parent":"eris","radiusKm":307.5,"radiusErrorPlusKm":30,"radiusErrorMinusKm":25,"radiusType":"radiometric-effective-radius-estimate","sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/html/2307.04848v1","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"Brown and Butler2023 SectionII.3 revised thermal diameter615+60/-50km; shape unresolved."},{"id":"haumea-namaka","name":"Namaka","parent":"haumea","radiusKm":null,"radiusLowerBoundKm":41.5,"radiusLowerBoundSigmaKm":1,"radiusType":"unmeasured-mean-radius-single-chord-lower-bound-only","sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16142","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"2025 occultation diameter lower bound83±2km; not a measured volume-equivalent diameter."},{"id":"makemake-s-2015-136472-1","name":"S/2015 (136472) 1","parent":"makemake","radiusKm":null,"estimatedRadiusKm":80,"radiusType":"unmeasured-mean-radius-discovery-estimate-only","sourceUrl":"https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-discovers-moon-orbiting-the-dwarf-planet-makemake/","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","reference":"NASA discovery estimate~100mile diameter; assumed albedo and unresolved shape."}],"spacecraft":[{"id":"voyager1","name":"Voyager1","radiusKm":null,"sizeType":"component-dimensions-spacecraft-not-sphere","sourceUrl":"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/frequently-asked-questions/","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","dimensionsMeters":{"highGainAntennaDiameter":3.7,"magnetometerBoomLength":13,"radioPlasmaAntennaLength":10,"radioPlasmaAntennaCount":2,"rtgBoomLength":3.7,"scienceBoomLength":3,"busDiameter":1.8,"overallHeightExcludingBooms":3.8},"notes":"NASA approximate structure measurements; actual mesh components should use meters/1000 in the same physical length system. Marker/picking symbols have no physical-size claim."},{"id":"voyager2","name":"Voyager2","radiusKm":null,"sizeType":"component-dimensions-spacecraft-not-sphere","sourceUrl":"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/frequently-asked-questions/","sourceDate":"2026-10-01","dimensionsMeters":{"highGainAntennaDiameter":3.7,"magnetometerBoomLength":13,"radioPlasmaAntennaLength":10,"radioPlasmaAntennaCount":2,"rtgBoomLength":3.7,"scienceBoomLength":3,"busDiameter":1.8,"overallHeightExcludingBooms":3.8},"notes":"NASA approximate structure measurements; actual mesh components should use meters/1000 in the same physical length system. Marker/picking symbols have no physical-size claim."}]}